Technique has been developed to convert mark or moon stones to concrete

San Francisco,May 7:Civil engineers at Stanford University have collaborated with colleagues at the American National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA),which develops the concrete form of the production of a Mars or moon.

If humans reach Mars, NASA needs tens of thousands of concrete needs,even though the plan is set in 2030 or on the moon,because both Mars and moon are continually bursting both malignant radiation and micrometers.Punch holes into any common structure,reported Xinhua news agency.

Since it is impossible to ship tons of cement from Earth to Mars, the best bet is for humans to start making it when they arrive.

The problem is that making Earth-style concrete requires tremendous amounts of heat and energy, because factories have to cook limestone to create the binding agent that holds concrete together, and energy will be in very short supply on Mars.

To solve that problem, David Loftus at NASA's Ames Research Centre and Michael Lepech, an associate professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford School of Engineering, have formed concrete by turning to biology.

Living organisms use proteins to make things as tough as shells, bones and teeth, so the researchers began working on a concrete bound together with a protein from bovine blood.

The protein is a fairly cheap by-product of slaughterhouses, and it is known to become very gluey when mixed with soil.

To replicate the conditions on Mars and the moon, Lepech has combined the protein with simulated extraterrestrial soils that are similar to what's on Mars and the moon.

And because Mars has much lower gravity than Earth, which is bad for cement mixing, the researchers did their mixing with a vacuum technology used to make the composite materials in products such as boat hulls.

The first batch of bio-concrete, according to a news release, was as strong as the concrete used for sidewalks and patios.

It was well suited to the simulation of micrometrets, which researchers replicated by blasting with high-speed airflow particles by taking the material to the Ames Vertical Gun Range.

This idea was to create biological "factories" of genetic engineering to produce protein binder with the intention of making concrete on Mars.

This technique leads to more energy-efficient concrete. The production of concrete now produces 5 percent of human-produced carbon emissions, most of which is boiled lime as a binding agent.

"Right now, we use a little more energy to the concrete cubic meter," said Leipch. "But this is a big part of it because we are doing it on a small scale, we're on a long road."

He and his colleagues found that heavy rains were new concrete degradation over the years, he said he was not ready for bio-concrete for buildings and roads on earth.

However, there are many possibilities for improving durability and efficiency, thereby making proteins and more effective in production.